International Conference On Harmonization Guidelines

Introduction This protocol is prepared for a human research trial. Based on this document, the trial will be conducted in Canada and on Canadian residents or citizens, according to Good Clinical Practice part of International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH/GCP E6), Health Canada Regulations (Part C, Division 5) applicable government regulations. Metformin is available in Canada as Apo-Metformin but Vildagliptin (Glavus) is not available in Canada and is needed to shipping from US under the Health Canada Regulations (Part C, Division 5). 1.1 Background Diabetes mellitus is a common diseases in the world and Canada is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus has been starting to grow all over the world. It is anticipated that the incidence of this disease will be increased dramatically in the next decade. The main reasons of this event are obesity, increasing the population mean age and reducing physical activities especially in industrialized countries. CCDSS has reported that in adult people who are over 20 years old, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus rate was 8.7% (95% CI: 8.72-8.74%), indicating one diabetic patient in 11 healthy Canadians A , B[3, 14]. The common sort of diabetes disease is Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) that covers the 90% diabetic cases. It is a metabolic disorder that is determined by hyperglycemia (high level of blood sugar) as a result of resistance to insulin in cell membrane and relative lack of insulin [2, 10]. Type 2 diabetes is aShow MoreRelatedInternational Conference On Harmonization Guidelines1802 Words   |  8 Pagestrying a research study on human subjects. Based on this protocol, the trial will be conducted in Canada and on Canadian residents or citizens. All aspects of this study is designed according to Good Clinical Practice part of the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH/ GCP E6) and Health Canada Regulations (Part C, Division 5) that is mandatory to conduct all the human clinical research in Canada. Metformin is available in Canada as Apo-Metformin but Vildagliptin (Glavus) is not availableRead MoreInternational Conference Of Regulatory Agencies And Industries From Euro pe ( Eu ), Japan, And The United States1377 Words   |  6 Pagesagencies and industries from Europe (EU), Japan, and the United States (US) met together in the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) and issued guidelines in conducting clinical trials including the of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guideline. Quality, safety, and efficacy were set as the three basic criteria to approve new medical products which reflect the state-of-the art technology. ICH-GCP guideline was adopted by regulatory agencies of the EU, US, and Japan including the US Food and DrugRead MoreThe International Conference On Harmonization Essay862 Words   |  4 Pagessubcommittees of ICH Streeting Committees The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) announced on 8 July 2014 that the influential international pharmaceutical regulatory harmonization body has elected to add two new regulators to its Steering Committee from Health Canada (HC) and Swiss regulator. The East African Community (EAC) has joined the International Conference on Harmonization’s (ICH) steering committee as the sixth Regional Harmonization Initiative (RHI) member of the ICH Global CooperationRead MoreEthical Soundness Of Clinical Research1076 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of the informed consent process and its importance. In addition, it describes key issues and concerns for obtaining the subjects consent, as well as how this process reflects the code of conduct set forth stated in the International Congress of Harmonization (ICH) Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6(R1). The Informed Consent Process in Clinical Trials The informed consent process is a multistep process of subject-investigator communication, aims to inform the subjects about theirRead MoreHigh Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method701 Words   |  3 Pagesdeveloped for the determination of buprenorphine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical microemulsion formulation. A forced degradation study of buprenorphine hydrochloride microemulsion formulation was carried out in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1 (R2). The chromatogram was obtained with 10 mmolL−1 potassium phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 6.0 with triethanolamine and acetonitrile (17:83, v/v) as mobile phase, a C-18 column; PrincetonSPHER -100 C18 HPLC column (250Read MoreResearch Related Documents And Data Management1015 Words   |  5 PagesStudents should identify concepts evenly from the subject they have studied in a block and write down as to how these concepts applied or could be used in the learned subject. SCORE OUT OF 10 †¢ Identification of 10 Concepts 1.1. International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) was established to harmonize regulatory regulations This concept originated in the 1990’s to reflect the views of 3 main drug regions (US, Japan and Europe) and their corresponding pharmaceutical organizations to harmonizeRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Clinical Trials1584 Words   |  7 Pagesregulations were established to protect the subjects in the clinical trial after the Tuskegee incident. The Belmont report (1979), International Conference on Harmonization guideline for Good Clinical Practice (1996), the Declaration of Helsinki (2000), and CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (2002) are the main guidelines in recent years. There are also federal regulations to protect human subjects in the clinical trials. They are USCFR Title21 PartRead MoreClinical Trials Are Medically Based Experiments1567 Words   |  7 Pagesconsensus on what constitutes correct conduct and performance of research has been codified on an international level and adopted and modified nationally in the U nited States. Several well-known documents have been developed to outline these principles including: †¢ The Nuremburg Code of 1947 developed in response to the Nuremburg war trials. †¢ The Helsinki Declaration of 1964. †¢ The 1971 Guidelines by the US Department of Health Education and Welfare, codified into formal Federal regulations in 1974Read MoreThe Growth Of Biopharmaceutical Molecules835 Words   |  4 Pagesprimarily attempts to maintain the original quality of the product as it moves throughout the supply chain to different suppliers according to current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), Good Storage Practices (GSP) and GDP.1 The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) document (ICH Q1A (R2)), states â€Å"a drug product should be evaluated under storage conditions that test the thermal stability and, if applicable, its sensitivity to moisture or potential for solvent loss.†1 The United StatesRead MoreHarmonization of Accounting Standards Through Internationalization5845 Words   |  24 PagesVol. 2, No. 2 International Business Research Harmonization of Accounting Standards through Internationalization Nikhil Chandra Shil, ACMA (Corresponding Author) Department of Business Administration East West University 43, Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka – 1212, Bangladesh Tel: 9887989(Off.) ext 253, 01819289589 (M) Dr. Bhagaban Das P.G. Department of Business Management, Fakir Mohan University P. O.: Balasore, Pin.: 756019, Orissa, India E-mail: bhagaban_fm@yahoo.com Alok Kumar Pramanik Department

To Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis - 772 Words

Learning concepts can come in the most unexpected ways; many times you have to look back and determine what happened in order to recognize that you have mastered something new. Whether it is morally, or physically, people acquire new information daily. In the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, two characters, Jem and Scout, live in Maycomb, Alabama where they learn many lessons. Atticus, Jem and Scout’s father, helps them learn and understand many of these life morals. Jem and Scout take in multiple moral lessons such as not jumping to conclusions, being respectful to everyone, and having contentment for what you have by interacting with other citizens of Maycomb. Mrs. Dubose, an older woman who was a morphine addict, was not only†¦show more content†¦To demonstrate, Jem and Scout were embarrassed that Atticus â€Å"did not do the things our schoolmates’ fathers did† (Lee 48). All of the other fathers were young and had exciting jobs while Atticus was older and a lawyer, which was not as exciting. Even though he might be fifty years old, Atticus was still able to shoot a rifle at Tim Johnson, the wild dog that went loose around Jem and Scout’s house. After this event, Jem and Scout learn and realize that Atticus was certainly extraordinary being himself and that they should be grateful to have him as a father. After learning this new moral, both Jem and Scout have matured by observing and respecting what they have in their life. Maycomb, where Jem and Scout live, was home to a variety of different people, either white or colored, and many of them need to have more respect. Just because not everyone has the same caste level, that does not give people the right to disrespect others. One occurrence was when Scout invited Walter Cunningham to eat with them. Walter was a citizen of Maycomb on the lower end of the caste system and was very poor. Even though he did not have proper manners, Calpurnia, Jem and Scout’s caretaker, insisted that he was a visitor to their house. Scout thought â€Å"He ain’t company, Cal, he’s just a Cunningham† (Lee 13). Scout was being disrespectful to Walter as she did not believe he should have been invited over, but Calpurnia believes otherwise. She feels that everyone thatShow MoreRelatedTo Kill a Mockingbird Character Analysis Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Prompt: In a 1-2 page character analysis, explain what makes Atticus such a good parent, usi ng quotes and evidence from the text to back up your claims. The Most Memorial Parent In 2003, the American Film Institute chose Atticus Finch, a respectful, dignity attorney from To Kill a Mockingbird, as the greatest hero in 100 years of film history. Harper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird in the 1960s and it immediately received huge acclaims from readers throughout the world. In the novelRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis783 Words   |  4 PagesMockingbird Characters A mockingbird is someone or something that does no harm to others. In the story To Kill A Mockingbird, there are three characters that symbolize a mockingbird. They are Boo Radley, Atticus Finch, and Tom Robinson. These characters are innocent and do good to others. They also deserve no harm to be done to them. Boo Radley is a character the symbolizes a mockingbird. People like Mrs. Crawford spread rumors about Boo. â€Å"As Mr. Radley passed by, Boo drove the scissorsRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis721 Words   |  3 Pagesclass 6th Period English ll December 21 To Kill a Mockingbird is written by Harper Lee. It is the story of a black man’s struggle for justice. The protagonists Atticus Finch and his daughter Scout and other characters such as Tom Robinson and Bob Ewell, the author reveals her themes showing the evils of racism and the need in humans for respect. heroism is found in this novel, characters who show both physical and moral courage. Three characters to start are Atticus Finch, Mrs. Dubose, andRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pages To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel written by Harper Lee, takes place during the Great Depression in the fictional town of Maycomb County, Alabama. The novel is narrated by Scout Finch looking back upon events within her childhood in Maycomb. She retells the various adventures she’s had with her brother, Jem, and father, Atticus. Scout and Jem are often getting themselves into trouble whether it is because they are pestering their reclusive neighbors the Radleys, or are destroying the gardens of anotherRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis924 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel To Kill a Mockingbird is based on the passed experienced from Harper Lees childhood. The character of Atticus resembles the author’s father, and the character of Scout resembles herself. To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel written by the well known author, Ha rper Lee. This book is written in Scouts perspective to portray her life. The main character, Scout, who is also the narrator is portrayed as a young girl who is still learning the rules of life. Her father, her brother Jem, and nannyRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis956 Words   |  4 PagesEmpathetic Development in To Kill a Mockingbird Developing genuine empathy is one of life’s greatest challenges. In To Kill a Mockingbird, author Harper Lee uses unhypocritical, more experienced characters like Atticus to expose Jem and Scout to adult knowledge. Their adult influence is what brings about the empathetic growth and maturity of Jem and Scout. Atticus is one of these adults. After Scout is upset by her teacher’s inability to understand Maycomb County’s culture, Atticus delivers theRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis756 Words   |  4 Pagesso that she could end the aggression her father gave her. Mayella is powerful due to the fact that she is white, her family is the poorest family out there, but because of her color she will always be preferred over African-Americans. In â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird,† Harper Lee uses class, race, and gender to determine if Mayella has power after all. In this case, power brought her down to be on a negative side. She may be white but because of the way she lives she will never earn the trust of othersRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis733 Words   |  3 PagesIn the story To Kill a Mockingbird it follows the life of Jem and Scout as they grow up in a time of inequality and injustice. In the beginning of the story Scout does not understand Atticus’ life lessons, but as she matures she will. The author tells the story from an older and more mature Scout’s perspective. Harper Lee also uses the voice of Jem to portray the internal and external conflicts in the book. Using Jem’s voice, Lee reveals how a young man can rise above ignorance in their communityRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis1005 Words   |  5 Pages Character Development and Theme PBA â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee is an exceedingly powerful novel. It includes many significant minor themes such as racism and hatred which leave the reader to have grown more attentive to the past once they complete the book. The book takes place in Maycomb County Alabama during the great depression. During this period there was a great deal of hate and prejudice towards people of color, in addition to a great regard to social class. The novels protagonistsRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis791 Words   |  4 PagesCourage is an essential human quality. Facing fears against all odds is a feature in many novels. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is no exception. Many characters depicts the quality. Some in normal situations others, take on terrifying tasks in a unique and original way. Scout, Jem, Atticus, and Ms. Dubose show bravery in many areas of their lives, one character risks their careers, others have a situation that lacks massive consequences. Scout shows courage by standing up to her family

Marketing Ethics Theory and Pedagogy Method

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Ethics for Theory and Pedagogy Method. Answer: Introduction: The primary objective of this paper is to utilize ethical theories in analyzing the concept of autonomous cars, especially if any such vehicle crashes down, causing fatal accidents. The entire discussion would be based on an incident reported by Corinne Iozzio in the online edition of the Scientific American. Autonomous cars. Autonomous cars or self-driving cars are defined be defined as intelligent vehicles capable of monitoring their environment by themselves and navigating on the roadways without any human intervention (Gerla et al. 2014). Experts in the domain of automobile engineering are of the opinion that the growing interest of the car manufacturing organizations in the production of autonomous or self-driving cars is primarily because of the fact that such cars are theoretically much more reliable than those driven by human beings (Le Vine, Zolfaghari Polak, 2015). The confidence on the capability of such automated vehicles is primarily due to the fact that these vehicles utilize a wide range of technical tools like that of lidar, radar, computer vision, and GP for ensuring safe navigation. The incident. On May 1, 2016, the Scientific American published an article by Corinne Iozzio, which reports a crash caused by one of Googles self driven cars, a modified Lexus SUV. The accident occurred on 14th of February of the same year, at Mountain View in Calif. The car had detected certain obstacles in its own path and had thus steered into the central lane to avoid the same. Within a few seconds, the car rammed into the side of a bus (Iozzio, 2017). According to the information logs available from the test driver,' the intelligence systems included in the car had indeed noticed the presence of the car but had considered that it was the duty of the bus driver to slow down and let the car pass. The writer has also pointed out the fact that although this was the first case of Googles self-driving cars crashing due to non-human errors, these vehicles have experienced several cases resulting from harsh driving of other drivers in the past. Such being the circumstances, the followin g sections of the paper would be utilized for analyzing the concept of self-driven cars from the perspective of ethical theories, so as to determine who should be held responsible in case an autonomous car crashes. The Utilitarian theory. The first theory that we would consider for discussing the ethical aspects of the concept of autonomous cars is that of Utilitarianism. Researchers Kahane et al. (2015) are of the opinion that Utilitarianism is one of those concepts of ethics that justifies any action based on the utility of the same. On the other hand, researchers Chiu et al. (2014) are of the opinion that the utility of any concept or product can be defined in terms of several aspects, the most common one being the welfare of all living beings of the planet. Again, Jeremy Bentham, who is often considered as the founder of the Utilitarian theory has a different definition of utility : he considers the utility of any product or process to be simply the sum of advantages available from the same minus the displeasures caused during the utilization of the same (Schneider, 2014). When the concept of utility as defined by Jeremy Bentham is considered, we find that advantages available from the concept of self-driving cars are essentially manifold: the accuracy and precision mastered by such cars can be utilized to navigate safely through busy roadways without any human intervention. In fact, such vehicles can be successfully utilized for highlighting the quality of lives of people having physical and/ or mental disabilities by reducing their dependencies on others. Such vehicles are capable of taking over the control of driving from human drivers under drastic situations, thus avoiding fatal errors. However, the sole disadvantage lies in the fact that any glitch in the intelligence system of the vehicles would invariably result in fatal accidents. The point that should be considered in this situation that the car owner would have no option of taking over the control of the vehicle in case the same malfunctions. Thus, the sole disadvantage of the entire process would essentially rise from defective machinery or software systems provided by the manufacturing company. Thus, the responsibility of such car crashes should essentially be taken by the automobile organizations producing the same. The Deontological theory. Deontology is that particular ethical concept that takes into consideration the rules and regulations associated with any action before judging the morality of the same (Kehoe, 2015). The writer of the article, Corinne Iozzio, has pointed out the fact that the Obama administration has already started working on developing national regulation dictating the production and utilization of such autonomous cars. However, the author has also commented that from the ethico-legal perspective, the automobile manufacturers are solely responsible for the shift in the role of drivers and would thus bear the responsibility of any crashes caused by intelligent driving systems installed in autonomous cars. It has already been established that under no circumstances can the self-driving car owners be held responsible for any crashes. Thus, from the perspective of Deontological theory, the idea of the car manufacturers taking responsibilities of crashes sounds both logical and ethical. The Virtue theory. Researcher Hursthouse (2013) defines the term virtue as those positive characteristics the possession of which makes a human being to be considered as a good person.' Virtue ethics is that particular ethical theory that emphasizes on the virtue and/or characteristics of any entity, before making judgments regarding the actions taken by the same (Youpa, 2013). The positive and negative characteristics of the Autonomous cars have already been identified in the preceding sections of the paper. However, the point that has to be considered in this context is that both the positive and negative characters of self-driven cars are determined by the hardware and software technologies utilized by the manufacturing organizations. Since the characteristics of the self-driven car are determined by the manufacturer's end, malfunctioning of the same should be considered as their sole responsibility. Thus, even when the Virtue theory is considered, the responsibility of crashes caused by self-driving cars should be borne entirely by the manufacturing organization. The Contract theory. The social contract theory, according to Skyrms (2014), is that particular ethical theory that considers the moral obligations of two parties to be dependent on the agreement or contract that exist in between them. The automobile manufacturing organizations that produce and market self-driven car would indeed have sales agreements with their customers, thus guaranteeing the delivery of quality products. Now, it has already been disused that autonomous vehicles are installed with the state of the art technologies that assist them in monitoring their surroundings. On the other hand, these vehicles rely solely on the artificial intelligence software installed in them so as to make navigational decisions. Thus, it can be easily comprehended that the sales agreement made by the car manufacturers includes the guarantee that the said components would function properly. Therefore, the cases of crashing of such cars due to non-human errors should be considered as the responsibilities of the car manufacturers as such instances can be directly associated with the malfunctioning of technical components. In the preceding section of the paper, detailed discussions have been presented regarding the technological aspects of self-driving cars, so as to highlight the functionalities and utilities of such vehicles. These discussions have been followed by the analysis of the incident being considered and the 4 most prominent ethical theories of Utilitarianism, Deontology, Contract Theory and Virtue theory has been utilized in the sane. It is worth mentioning that the individual application of the said theories on the reported incident have to lead us to believe that the car manufacturing organizations should take the blame when nonhuman errors lead to the crashing of self driving cars. Bibliography Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Fang, Y. H., Huang, H. Y. (2014). Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk.Information Systems Journal,24(1), 85-114. Gerla, M., Lee, E. K., Pau, G., Lee, U. (2014, March). Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds. InInternet of Things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE World Forum on(pp. 241-246). IEEE. Hursthouse, R. (2013). Normative virtue ethics.ETHICA,645. Iozzio, C. (2017). Who's Responsible When a Car Controls the Wheel?. Retrieved 19 January 2017, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/who-s-responsible-when-a-self-driving-car-crashes Kahane, G., Everett, J. A., Earp, B. D., Farias, M., Savulescu, J. (2015). Utilitarianjudgments in sacrificial moral dilemmas do not reflect impartial concern for the greater good.Cognition,134, 193-209. Kehoe, W. J. (2015). Marketing Ethics: Theory and Pedagogy. InProceedings of the 1982 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 261-264). Springer International Publishing. Le Vine, S., Zolfaghari, A., Polak, J. (2015). Autonomous cars: The tension between occupant experience and intersection capacity.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,52, 1-14. Lin, P. (2016). Why ethics matters for autonomous cars. InAutonomous Driving(pp. 69-85). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Schneider, R. C. (2014). Utilitarian Moral Theory: Parallels between a Sport Organization and Society. Shafer-Landau, R. (2014). The fundamentals of ethics. Skyrms, B. (2014).Evolution of the social contract. Cambridge University Press. Slattery, K. L. (2014). Ethics and journalistic standards: An examination of the relationship between journalism codes of ethics and deontological moral theory.The ethics of journalism: Individual, institutional and cultural influences, 147-164. Youpa, A. (2013). Descartes's Virtue Theory.Essays in Philosophy,14(2), 4.

Leadership in “Remember the Titans” Essay Example

Leadership in â€Å"Remember the Titans† Paper This research will explain how different leadership theories directly were applied to situations in the movie â€Å"Remember the Titans†. Although only a few of the theories were available at the time, the individuals exhibited sound leadership and follower ship identified by modern research on leadership. This paper will visit several leadership theories and methods from respected sources and compare and contras some situations to current situations experienced with modern theories. The leadership theories and methods discussion points in this research are positional power, conflict resolution, leader/co-leader relationship, international framework (leader-follower-situation), and environmental shifts as a reason to restructure. Also, we will discuss Maslow hierarchy of needs (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2006) and the four frames to evaluate change i. e. the structural frame, the human resource frame, the political frame, and symbolic frame. The movie â€Å"Remember the Titans† revolves around two coaches named Herman Boone and Bill Yoast and how their integration of the first desegregated football team united a segregated town through the success high school football team. This process required highly effective leadership skills. From the beginning of the movie, leadership was apparently obvious. There was a riot over the death of an African American citizen. Coach Yoast actively prevented members of his football team from entering the confrontation. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in â€Å"Remember the Titans† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in â€Å"Remember the Titans† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in â€Å"Remember the Titans† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When his players went to participate in the riot, he used his positional power (Bolman, Deal, 2003) to intervene and disrupt their involvement. Conflict Resolution and the ability to effectively manage it can make a huge difference with the success and failure of any process. To pacify the riot, the school board desegregated one of its high schools named T. C. Williams High School and placed an experienced African American coach Named Coach Boone as head coach. The original coach, Coach Yoast, was highly experienced and had 15 years of winning under his tenure at the school. When Coach yoast and Coach Boone initially meet, there was animosity between Coach Boone and Coach Yoast staff. Coach Boone handled all negative responses with positive responses that defused the tension between all members. It was a visual view of similar situations that the book â€Å"Reframing Organizations† by Bolman and Deal bighlighted displayed in chapter 16, Reframing in Action (Bolman, Deal, 2003). Conflict resolution was also displayed when Coach Yoast decided to take the Assistant Coach position under Coach Boone to prevent uproar with all the white players and disgruntled citizens in town. At the town meeting, he prevented further escalation and of an already sensitive situation. I believe his decision was the determining factor that pulled the town and the team together in the long run. It was his decision to stay that brought all the white players and parents back to the team. Further more, he prevented unfair release of Coach Boone by surrendering his chance at the Hall of Fame by challenging authority in a fixed game. His actions, honor and leadership allowed the Titans a chance at the National championship. If Coach Yoast had not remained with the Titans, what would have been the outcome? Restructuring is a challenging process that consumes time and resources, with no guarantee of success. Organizations typically embark on the path when they feel compelled to respond to major problems or opportunities (Bolman, Deal, 2003). The problems that lead to the change in this small Virginia town were on racial lines. The environment shifted and change had to occur for the survival of the town and organizations within the town Bolman, Deal, 2003). The international framework (leader-follower-situation) is also apparent in this movie (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2006). The leadership on the team needed to change to pacify the situation of the time. I’m not agreeing or disagreeing but the leader was placed because of the situation. The previous leader had to become the follower or co-leader because of the situation. Its takes courage, experience and resolve to change roles because of situations, especially if the role is a demotion to a lesser position. In my opinion, the most important part of leadership is interpreting leader-follower-situation and responding efficiently and effectively for the overall good. Coach Yoast was excellent at interpreting situations. His actions and observation skills also facilitated the success of the team racial merger when Gary and Julius came together at football camp. His hesitation to interfere when Gary and Julius initially united on the field, in what initially appeared to be a confrontation, brought the team together. Since Julius and Gary are team leaders informally and formally respectfully, Coach Yoast ability to interoperate the situation and allow them to celebrate brought the team together. Coach Boone had an excellent follower r Co-leader. Coach Hines’ co-leadership abilities seemed to be the conscious for Coach Boone. He steps in and positively influenced Coach Boone decision. Also, Coach Yoast is excellent as a co-leader. The success of an organization or team is incumbent upon the abilities of everyone and all successful leaders have highly effective co-leaders. Sheryl Yoast, although she was nine years old, provided leadership. Her love for the game and relationship with her father provided her with experience needed to accurately interoperate certain situations and provide effective feedback. For example, she observed flaws from the stands in the Titans ability to properly defend the opposing team in the state championship. During the preamble phase of the half-time, she convinced her father to step outside of the box to solicit help which resulted in unorthodox substitution techniques that totally through off the opposing team. If she had not have been actively involved and observant of the game, she would not had positively provoked her father to make the changes. The changes were made to defense and the defense created the fumble in the last minutes. The changes altered the situation which resulted in flaws that caused the fumble. The fumble resulted in the Titans scoring with no time left on the clock. Without Sheryl Yoast recommendations, what would the outcome of the came would have been? What are the effects that one recommendation can have on history? Would this story have been told if the Titans have lost? Would the town and the team continued to remain positive and united? The decision to change the coaching staff shifted the pyridine of the community and had to be viewed through all lenses. Politically, placing an African American coach in the head coach position pacified the situation over the young teenager’s death. Structurally, if Coach Yoast had maintained the head coach position, the politically ramifications of the teenager death would not have been satisfied because of the anger around the individuals death. The impact of the change had to be highly significant. The human resource view satisfied some lower level needs of the Maslow hierarchy of needs (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2006). Their belongingness needs of the upset African Americans were satisfied indirectly by Coach Boone hiring as the Titans head coach. Symbolically, placing an African American as the head coach of a prestigious high school team symbolizes change. Viewing the decision to hire Coach Boone and place him in the position of head coach fit all four frames which is why the outcome was successful. . In conclusion, look deep into this quote, â€Å"Follow as well as lead† (Lewis, 1993). Look beyond the words. This is true because it’s amazing as to where new styles and ideas can come from. What would have been the outcome if Coach Boone shut down and isolated himself from any input from his staff? What if Coach Boone and Coach Yoast were identical racially and psychologically? What if Coach Boone was only hired to be the Assistant Coach? The answer behind any successful transition is within the follower relationship to the leader (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2006). This movie provides a great deal of insight regarding the use of leadership and methods that positively influenced the outcome of the situation. The situation are several: Coach Boone and Coach Yoats belief in the overall purpose, providing dignity to those who’ve only seen degradation (Fields, F, Zwick, E. 989), the desegregation of the school system, merging society into one, uniting the team, etc. Although only a few of the theories were available at the time or just myths, all identified leaders exhibited sound leadership and follower ship identified by modern research on leadership. This paper visited several leadership theories and methods from respected sources and compare and contras some situations to current situations experienced with modern theories. Reference Bolman, L,. , Deal, T. (2003). Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Hughes, R. , Ginnett, R. , Curphy, C. (2006). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Johnson, C. (2005). Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Lewis, A. (1993). Leadership Styles. Arlington, VA: American Association of Schools Administrators Kustaa, F. (1993). African American Leadership Effectiveness New Mexico: Eric Journals, 135 3-51. Fields, F, Zwick, E. (1989). Glory. United States: Tristar Pictures, Inc.